America's national missile denfence is subject to TECHNOLOGICAL capacities and manpower potentials of this country. The security crises can be accounted as a complement to the TECHNOLOGICAL means if the international system is in a chaotic status. The investigation of America's strategic behavior based on TECHNOLOGICAL components in strategic denfence domain is the major focus of this study. The concept of National Missile Defence was proposed for the first time in early  s. President Ronald Regan believed in absolute restraining policy towards the USSR which provided the instruments and technology needed for confronting its strategic threats against Europe, USA, and the Western World. This approach paved the way for the development of Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI). George Schultz, America's foreign minister during , was one of the prominent pioneering features regarding this strategy. America's defence program was generated in the s when the conservative parties, gradually, consolidated their position within the American power structure and the chance for reconstruction and restitution of cold-war defence plans was created. These people believed that the military power is among those instruments that cannot be disregarded in international politics. This power-centered approach affected the America's strategic perception and attitude one more time.This study emphasizes the role of conservative strategists, on the one hand, who have adjusted their denfence programs in line with international threats, and on the other hand, have expressed their pessimistic views towards Iran and regarded this country as a factor of instability in the domain of international politics. In this way, US denfence program became two-edged that stood against strategic and security targets of Iran and also played an inhibiting role against Russia's further power-seeking efforts. In this situation, the theme of missile defence was reconsidered in the America's strategic planner's agenda. The new title was National Missile Defence which represents that US strategic goals remained fixed but its addressees changed.

Banking industry has faced big changes since 1990 and the speed of these changes has been increased rapidly along with the development of communication facilities, globalization, deregulation, TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS and information technology advances, in particular.Profit making has been the main incentive for many institutions and the market experienced significant competition over the development of the active firms in this industry. The increased competition of the market has also another characteristic. As the firms are not the same in size and both big and small firms are doing business probably what makes these firms of all size survive in this industry is a good and reasonable profit.In order to investigate the performance of the banks, we will introduce some indexes and ratios to compare the selected banks with respect to their performance.There are other factors which can affect the compatibility using ratios (such as specialized business of the banks), but in sum, are used for comparison worldwide. Some standards have been introduced. In this article, a comparative approach of the relevant ratios among the banks of the selected countries will be carried out and then, some methods for better performance of the interest-free banking will be introduced.

Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian provinces in the competition for the development of NBIC TECHNOLOGICAL convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on Yazd province. Method: This research, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant research records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the province's future in TECHNOLOGICAL convergence competition emerged. Findings: The two key drivers affecting the success of the province in the competition for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the province in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the provinces to be able to succeed in the forthcoming competitions in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the research and commercialization of these technologies.

Certain supply of energy input in agricultural sector is crucial. This certain supply of energy in this sector is based on the precisely forecast of long-run energy demand in agricultural sector. In addition to the economy factors, forecasting of long -run energy demand in agricultural sector needs to consider the impact of improvement in production technology on energy consumption in this sector. The model for Energy Demand Evaluation and MEDEE-S software are used for estimating and analyzing long-run energy demand in agricultural sector and so for determining the effect of inexperienced technology IMPROVEMENTS on energy demand in this sector. Explaining MEDEE-S methodology in simulation of energy demand in agricultural sector, specification of energy demand structure in agricultural sector, estimation of long-run energy demand in agricultural sector, and the effects of technology IMPROVEMENTS on agriculture sector energy consumption are the contents of this paper.The results of this study show that the effect of technology IMPROVEMENTS as a TECHNOLOGICAL factor on the long-run energy demand in agricultural sector is not less than the effect of economic factors such as energy prices and agricultural sector value added.

In this paper, we improve some previous definitions of fuzzy-type Turing machines to obtain degrees of accepting and rejecting in a computational manner. We apply a BFS-based search method and some level’ s upper bounds to propose a computational process in calculating degrees of accepting and rejecting. Next, we introduce the class of Extended Fuzzy Turing Machines equipped with indeterminacy states. These states are used to characterize the loops of classical Turing machines in a mathematical sense. In the sequel, as well as the notions of acceptable and decidable languages, we define the new notion of indeterminable language. An indeterminable language corresponds to non-halting runs of a machine. Afterwards, we show that there is not any universal extended machine; which concludes that these machines cannot solve the halting problem. Also, we show that our extended machines and classical Turing machines have the same computational power. Then, we define the new notion of semi-universality and prove that there exists a semi-universal extended machine. This machine can indeterminate the complement of classical halting problem. Moreover, to each r. e or co-r. e language, we correspond a language that is related to some extended fuzzy Turing machines.

< p>Gypsum mortar is a common building material that can be used especially for plastering the walls. This mortar has three important weaknesses which can limit the gypsum mortar for building and statue construction. First; it has low compressive strength. Second; it has high water absorption, and third; it has low setting time. In the current study, cement, Nano silica, and a superplasticizer with polycarboxylate ether were used for solving the problems. The results showed that using cement with providing C-S-H can improve the mortar strength trend line. The results showed significant growth of 28th day compressive strength (from 9 MPa to 45 MPa). Using Nano silica increases the compressive strength by making C-S-H dense and decreases the water absorption to 1/3 of the control sample.  Consuming polycarboxylate ether causes the uniform dispersion of Nanoparticles through mortar. This even diffusion blocks the pores and reduces their mean dimensions. The ANOVA test was used to find the main effective parameters on the 28th day compressive strength, water absorption, and setting time. In this regard, Nano silica (49.82% contribution), cement content (56.68% contribution), and superplasticizer (73.10% contribution) have the main roles in compressive strength, water absorption, and setting time, respectively.